Netra News can now reveal that the actual owner of Ladybird Properties — and of the London property where Sheikh Rehana lives — is Shayan Fazlur Rahman, who is described in official documents as “an advisor” to the Board of the Beximco group but allows himself to be referred to as its “director”, and was described three years ago as the “executive director of the Beximco group.” To protect Rehana’s privacy, we are not revealing the address of the property.

Shayan, who also holds British citizenship, is the son of Salman Fazlur Rahman, the joint founder and vice-chairman of the Beximco group, a ruling party member of parliament and an advisor to the prime minister with cabinet rank. Both men, father and son, are involved in the arrangement to allow Sheikh Rehana to live in the property, rent free.

“This is a fairly typical shell company secrecy scheme which has often been used in London,” Robert Barrington, professor of Anti-Corruption Practice at the Centre for the Study of Corruption in the University of Sussex, told Netra News. “The unanswered question here is whether one party has received an undue financial benefit from providing favours to the other, and it would be reasonable to expect full disclosure of all dealings between the company and the government to allay any suspicions.”

Since the Awami League came to power, the benefits that the Beximco Group are reported to have received include the rescheduling by state-owned banks of huge unpaid loans by Beximco and the company gaining the position as the monopoly for-profit distributor of the Oxford-AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine.

In 2009, the newly elected prime minister appointed Salman F Rahman as her personal Private Sector Development Affairs adviser. Subsequently, following the controversial 2018 national elections, Hasina appointed Rahman, now elected as a member of parliament, to the formal role of Private Industry and Investment adviser to the prime minister, which gives him the status of a member of her cabinet.

Bangladesh has rules that restrict civil servants (not members of parliament) and their family members receiving gifts which place them “under any form of official obligation to the donor”. There is also a law that requires ministers and civil servants to deposit with the government any physical gifts or presents they receive worth above a certain amount of money.

However, unlike many other countries, there are no rules or laws in Bangladesh requiring members of parliament or the prime minister to prevent conflicts of interests that could arise if they or their close family members receive wider financial or other benefits.

The importance of removing conflicts of interests to ensure good governance is widely accepted. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in its toolkit for preventing conflicts of interests says, “Identifying and resolving conflict-of-interest situations is crucial to good governance and maintaining trust in public institutions.”

​​Rehana’s living arrangements raises questions regarding the nature of the relationship between the Bangladeshi prime minister and the conglomerate, making Sheikh Hasina vulnerable to claims that government decisions which benefited Beximco and its executives were linked in some way to the gift of free accommodation to her sister. It may also make the conglomerate similarly vulnerable to assertions that it provided largesse to the prime minister’s sister seeking business or other benefits. However, Netra News has no evidence to suggest that this particular arrangement was set up to provide Beximco or the Rahmans receiving any untoward benefits or advantages, and the Rahmans strenuously deny any wrongdoing or illegality.

The ability of people to purchase property in the UK, and in particular London, using offshore companies has long been criticised by anti-corruption organisations. As a result of these concerns, the Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022 came into force in August 2022 in England and Wales requiring all new offshore companies who want to buy, sell or transfer property or land, to register with the UK Companies House providing information on the identity of their beneficial owners.

The law also applies to existing offshore companies that own property in England and Wales, like Ladybird Properties Ltd., which is required to register information about its owner, Shayan Rahman by January 1st 2023. At the date of publication, Ladybird Properties Ltd. has not registered with Companies House.

Ben Cowdock, Investigations Lead at Transparency International UK, told Netra News, “Holding property via companies in secrecy jurisdictions like the Isle of Man has long provided a way to conceal the true ownership of UK real estate. […] If the new property register is to be effective in highlighting issues such as arrangements that could amount to conflicts of interest overseas, it’s essential that Companies House is given the resources needed to make these rules stick.”

UK parliament connection

The revelation about the ownership of the property may also prove embarrassing to the UK labour MP Tulip Siddiq, who is the daughter of Sheikh Rehana. In December 2021, Siddiq became Shadow Economic Secretary, one of whose responsibilities had been representing the labour party in relation to recent new legislation that requires all offshore companies owning property in the UK to reveal the identity of their  beneficial owners.

“For too long, the Conservatives have stood by as dirty money from Russia and elsewhere has flooded into the UK,” the MP said in March 2022. “That’s why it is so important that the government’s proposals for Companies House receive proper scrutiny.”

Before she became a member of parliament Siddiq used to work for the Awami League, the party led by her aunt, Sheikh Hasina, and in December 2019, Channel Four News claimed that at the last national election, the UK wing of the Bangladesh ruling party was heavily involved in campaigning for her, effectively taking over a Labour Party rented office. Siddiq claims this is categorically untrue.

Siddiq has also long held negative views  on offshore companies owning property in London in the context of the capital’s housing crisis, despite her mother’s circumstances.

When Tulip was first campaigning to be an MP in 2015, and a few years after her mother moved into the house, she supported “restrict[ing] the sale of property to overseas buyers.” And soon after her election as a MP, she again criticised the use of offshore companies buying London property.

“The current lack of regulation on this kind of property acquisition is intolerable, and is pricing Londoners out of a future in their city,” she complained.  “I have no reservations in saying that local people should get first refusal on buying properties in the capital.”

“House prices are being artificially inflated by offshore trusts snapping up new properties, and the government’s lack of action is testament to their inability to deal with the housing crisis,” she noted.

A statement from Tulip Siddiq’s parliamentary office said that the MP  “had never lived” at the house where her mother lives, “She is not involved in her mother’s housing arrangements and has not lived with her mother since she left to go to university.”

“No untoward relationship”

Netra News sought responses from Salman and Shayan Rahman, Sheikh Rehana, and Sheikh Hasina.

Corresponding through his  lawyer, Shayan Rahman confirmed that he is the beneficial owner of the property and that Sheikh Rehana has had a licence to reside there.

With regard to the offshore company arrangement, he says the house purchase was conducted in a fully legal and compliant manner and that its ownership is held via an established, fully-licensed, independent corporate and trust service provider based in the Isle of Man.

However, he and his father deny that this is part of any untoward relationship.

His father, Salman Rahman, explains the financial assistance to Sheikh Rehana by saying that after the assassination in August 1975 of Sheikh Rehana’s father, the then president of Bangladesh, along with 16 other members of his family — which included his good friend Sheikh Kamal, the brother of Sheikh Rehana — he has felt obligated to assist Rehana. Rahman says he felt compelled to take Sheikh Kamal’s place as an elder brother to an orphaned sister and will always feel obligated to help her. He argues the history of his long-standing and close relationship with Sheikh Rehana is well known in Bangladesh, and their respective children are also close family friends.

Rahman added that the success of Beximco has been achieved through the brothers’ business acumen and not government influence. He stated that Beximco did not enjoy any undue privileges in the course of restructuring its loans and that Beximco was one of several large conglomerates that had to restructure its loans following the introduction in 2015 by the Bangladesh Bank, of a new policy, known as the Large Loan Restructuring Policy.

He also said that he did not derive any undue benefits from its contract to distribute a Covid-19 vaccine and stated that the contract between Beximco and the state of Bangladesh was not exclusive and all other competitors were encouraged to procure vaccine supplies. He also claimed that Beximco provided the government significant storage and distribution of other vaccines free of cost.

The Beximco vice-chairman asserts that since 2000 he has had a long standing political career in the Awami League and does not derive any political benefit from the family friendship and Sheikh Rehana’s living arrangements, which he says significantly predates his appointment in 2019 as a private industry and investment advisor to the prime minister. He says that despite press speculation that after the election he would be appointed a minister and given the commerce or finance portfolio, he was not and that his role as a formal advisor to the prime minister was simply a continuation of his political career.

Based on correspondence with her lawyers, Sheikh Rehana acknowledges that she lives rent free in the property owned by Shayan Rahman but there is nothing untoward in the arrangement as the Rahmans are her very close personal friends. She also claims that the arrangement has the added benefit for the Rahmans in that they know their house is being well looked after by someone that they trust and care about.

Rehana is also understood to claim that this arrangement provides an additional layer of security for herself, as having her address on the public record could place her in additional danger from those who wish her harm.

However, having a property owned by an offshore company does not conceal who lives at the address, contrary to what her lawyers suggest. We discovered Rehana’s address quickly using well-known property searches. The benefit of having an offshore company involved in the ownership of a property is that it results in the identity of the property owner remaining unknown. Had Shayan Rahman or another person purchased the house, either in their own name or through a UK registered company it would arguably have provided Rehana the same level of security.

Sheikh Hasina has not responded to requests for comments.

The property

In a quiet salubrious area of North London lies a semi-detached house where since 2011, Sheikh Rehana, aged 65, has lived whenever she is in the UK. The house was purchased in February 2011 — just over two years after the Awami League re-assumed power — by Ladybird Properties Ltd., an offshore company registered in the Isle of Man, for £1.2 million.

Land registry records suggest that the house was bought without a mortgage, pointing to a cash buy — though 14  months  later in April  2012, and again in April 2018, Barclays Bank registered two different charges on the property, suggesting that on those two occasions Ladybird Properties Ltd. borrowed money from the bank.

Apart from four bedrooms, the property has two hallways, a reception room, a study, a TV lounge, and dining room, along with a kitchen, store and utility rooms. In 2020, planning permission was obtained for a loft conversion and other renovations. It is unclear if the work was completed but if so, planning documents show that it would have added two further bedrooms to the house making it a six bedroom property. The work would also have meant that the house gained a three metre rear extension.

When Netra News came to know that Sheikh Rehana was living at this property, the question we had was how the Bangladeshi prime minister’s sister, with no significant employment record, could afford to live there? If she owned the property, this raised questions about how she had managed to buy it. If she did not, how could she afford a rent estimated to be £4000 per month?

The Isle of Man Company Register shows that Ladybird Properties Ltd. was owned by another Isle of Man Company, Tanwood Ltd., which was itself owned by yet another Isle of Man company Aston International Ltd. — all with the same office address and with many common nominee directors. This so-called “Russian doll of shell companies” is common in offshore company regimes as it helps to conceal the real identity of the owners. These documents therefore did not assist in finding out who actually owned Ladybird Properties Ltd.

The England and Wales land registry record documenting the purchase of the property was more helpful. It showed that the address of the company, Ladybird Properties Ltd., was “care of Jaswal Johnston”, a solicitor firm which describes itself as “highly trusted advisors to a range of loyal, high net worth individuals and corporate entities, nationally and internationally”.

When contacted, the law firm said they were “not instructed to provide any information.” Jaswal Johnston does however have connections with Bangladesh. Until recently, the website profile of one of the partners in the firm, said he “continues to act for the largest Bangladeshi conglomerate in a wide range of matters.” Industry insiders have confirmed that Jaswal Johnston was one of the key solicitors used by Beximco for work undertaken in the UK. A 2016 filing with the US Security Exchange Commission also shows that Jaswal Johnston represented Shayan Rahman in relation to a UAE-based company that he owns.

So did this mean there was a connection between Ladybird Properties Ltd. and Beximco?

An individual close to Beximco told Netra News that the property was not owned by its vice-president, Salman Rahman, who as a Bangladeshi citizen could not own property outside the country, but by another family member who was a British citizen. Focus then centred on Shayan Rahman, Salman’s son, whom we found held British citizenship.

Inquiries of the UK Companies House database then revealed a link between Shayan Rahman and Ladybird Properties Ltd., the offshore company that had purchased the house where Rehana lives. Between 2007-2010, Shayan was a director of the company S Games Ltd., registered in Companies House in England. S Games Ltd. had two shareholders which owned the company. One was Tanwood Ltd. — the Isle of Man company that owns Ladybird Properties Ltd. Moreover, S Games’ other shareholder was Garwood Ltd., another Isle of Man company which is owned by Aston International, the shell company that owned Tanwood Ltd..

Sheikh Rehana

Sheikh Rehana moved to London in tragic circumstances following the assassination in August 1975 of her father Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, then president of Bangladesh, in an army coup which killed 16 other members of her family including her brothers and mother. At the time of the massacre, her father, the leader of the Awami League, was establishing a one-party state, had already banned independent media and only allowed one new political party, known as the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (Baksal), to exist.

When the assassination took place, Rehana was in Germany but she soon travelled to the UK where she sought and obtained asylum. “I used to look for jobs desperately on the streets of Kilburn then as I had no place to stay in,” she has recounted. “I had no food either. I never knew where to go or what to do.”

For the next 15 years, Bangladesh was under effective military rule, with democracy only returning in 1990 following the popular overthrow of General Ershad. The Awami League, now under the leadership of Rehana’s sister, Sheikh Hasina, lost the first subsequent election in 1991, but came to power in 1996. Hasina lost the following election in 2001 but returned to power in 2009 when there was significant hope that human rights and governance would improve under Awami League rule.

Although there has been significant social and economic development during her period in office, the government is routinely described by commentators as “authoritarian” with the human rights situation quickly deteriorating with extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, repression of the opposition and media censorship. The 2014 elections were boycotted by all opposition parties and the 2018 elections were seen as extensively rigged in the government’s favour.

During much of this period — apart from four years in Brunei between 1987 to 1993 — Sheikh Rehana was living in London bringing up her three children: Redwan Siddiq (also known as Bobby), Rizwana Siddiq (also known as Tulip) and Azmina Siddiq. The family first lived in Mitcham in South London and then at various houses in North London.  Rehana used to work at a local library, but it is not known whether she has had any other employment. By the time Rehana moved into the Ladybird Properties-owned-house in 2011 her two daughters had already purchased their own flats, while Redwan had moved to Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, Rehana holds no formal position within the ruling Awami League party, but is widely understood to hold significant influence within it, as well as sway over her sister, the prime minister. She is often present, for example, on government delegations.

The two sisters are pictured together three times in a sequence of images shown on the banner of the prime minister’s office website, and the prime minister has also publicly credited her sister in helping her decide in 2017 to open the country’s border to the hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas fleeing violence in Myanmar.

When the prime minister attended the funeral of the late British queen Elizabeth II, Sheikh Rehana went along with her sister to the Foreign Office in London to sign the book of condolence for “world leaders”. There is a picture of her signing the book with Bangladesh’s High Commissioner to London standing beside her.

In 2009, the Awami League government passed a law that required the government to give a house in Bangladesh to family members of the country’s first president. In 2014, it was reported that a house was given to Sheikh Rehana for a token price.

Based on correspondence with her lawyers, Sheikh Rehana claims that she has no interest in being involved in Bangladesh politics, and while she has on occasion attended events to provide support for her sister, she predominantly lives a quiet life away from Bangladesh as a mother and grandmother.

Beximco and the Rahman family

Beximco — which stands for Bangladesh Export Import Company — is probably Bangladesh’s biggest conglomerate, and was established soon after the independence of the country by Salman Rahman, now vice-chairman of the company, and his brother Sohail Rahman, its chairman.

The company started off in pharmaceuticals and has now diversified into a range of industries including textiles, real estate development, construction, trading, marine food, information and communication technologies, media, financial services, and energy. Beximco Pharma, the group’s pharmaceutical producer, was the first Bangladeshi company to be listed on the London Stock Exchange. The Bangladeshi conglomerate consists of four public companies and many private companies.

Beximco has had a reputation of being a loan defaulter. In 2007, a US diplomatic cable described Salman Rahman as “allegedly one of Bangladesh’s biggest bank loan defaulters” in Bangladesh. In 2009, soon after the Awami League came to power, the finance minister named Beximco Textile as the country’s biggest bank defaulter owing Taka 353.89 crore (£30 million). He also said that other Beximco companies were significant defaulters: Shinepukur Holdings was sixth on the list with an Taka 134.35 crore (£11.5 million) loan default, and Beximco Knitting had a Taka 81.06 crore (£7 million) default. At the time, Salman Rahman threatened to sue Bangladesh’s leading independent newspaper, Prothom Alo, over its reporting of the defaults, claiming that the information was out of date. A few months later, the government reported that Beximco was no longer a bank defaulter.

Following the election of Sheikh Hasina as prime minister in 2009, banking insiders in Bangladesh point to Beximco moving most of its banking away from private banks to state-owned banks. In August 2014, Beximco is reported to have approached the country’s central  bank, Bangladesh Bank, to ask for a restructuring of its outstanding loans of Tk 5245 crore ($503 million). This resulted in Bangladesh Bank issuing a new large loan restructuring policy which other companies could also apply for. According to The Daily Star, 11 business groups took up the opportunity, with Beximco loans accounting for one-third of the total rescheduled loans.

Three years later, Beximco was again in trouble and approached the central bank for further rescheduling of the loans it had with the state-owned Sonali bank, which agreed. Following this, Iftekaruzzman, the Executive Director of Transparency International Bangladesh, criticised the agreement: “Loan defaulters irrespective of identity or status cannot be allowed to dictate terms to Bangladesh Bank and cause non-compliance of its own policy-decision to get illegitimate extension of endless privileges of rescheduling, nor can Bangladesh Bank allow itself to be held hostage and continue to accumulate ever greater risks to the sector.”

In response, Beximco blamed previous governments for the conglomerate’s financial situation:  “The seven years of constant discriminatory behaviour during the BNP and caretaker regimes against Beximco also led to a liquidity crisis within the company, as a result of which we were unable to make timely payments to the banks. The ramifications were so severe for a large company like ours is that we are yet to recover from it.”

In a letter to the New York Times, Salman Rahman also said: “Had the restructuring not taken place, we would have been forced to close down our operations resulting in the loss of over 60,000 jobs, which would have impacted the country’s economy adversely.”

Apart from his various titles of “executive director” and “adviser” of the Beximco Group, Salman Rahman’s son Shayan Rahman is a director of a number of  individual Beximco companies. Shayan is also a member of the advisory board of the British Asian Trust set up by King Charles, when he was prince, and he is chair of its Bangladesh section.

Codes of conduct

Many countries have adopted codes of conduct or laws which seek to uphold high ethical standards of members of parliament and ministers including removing conflicts of interest or any appearance thereof. In the UK for example, the ministerial code states: “Ministers should not accept any gift or hospitality which might, or might reasonably appear to, compromise their judgement or place them under an improper obligation.” This “well established and recognised rule” also applies “if gifts etc are offered to a member of their family.”

In Bangladesh, there is a 1979 regulation, the Government Servants (Conduct) Rules which impose restrictions on gifts that a civil servant or members of his family can receive. This states, that “no government servant shall, except with the previous sanction of the government, accept, or permit any member of his family to accept, from any person any gift the receipt of which will place him under any form of official obligation to the donor.”

There are no similar obligations on members of parliament or ministers in Bangladesh. The Member of Parliament Saber Hossain Chowdhury introduced a bill in 2010, “The Code of Conduct of the MPs Bill” that contained seven guidelines to limit conflicts of interest, but this has not been taken up for debate.

These kinds of codes are intended to try and prevent corruption, or the appearance of corruption. In 2021, Bangladesh is ranked low down in Transparency International’s corruption perception index – listed 147 out of 180 countries in the world. In 2013, the World Bank cancelled its $1.2 billion loan to the government for the construction of the Padma Bridge over what it called a “high-level corruption conspiracy among Bangladeshi government officials,” which the prime minister has rejected, claiming that the allegations represent “a conspiracy” against the country.

The prime minister, Sheikh Hasina — the sister of Rehana — has stated publicly that she does not “tolerate corruption”, has warned against frauds in the name of her family, and has supported a number of anti-corruption drives. Critics, however, suggest that the government’s anti-corruption campaigns are opportunistic or politicised, pointing to widespread corruption where it has taken no action.●