On 7 August 2026, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed the agreement at Al-Safa Palace in Makkah. The public joint statement says an armed attack on any one of the three “shall be regarded as an attack against them all,” and that the parties will expand defence cooperation across the board. Officials have compared the clause to NATO’s Article 5. The full legal text has not been released. Duration, withdrawal, geographic scope, what counts as an “armed attack,” and how a response would be decided remain unpublished.