The British partition of Bengal was one of the most consequential colonial interventions in South Asia. Implemented in 1905 under the guise of improving administrative efficiency, partition had the effect of exacerbating Indian nationalism, calcifying competing political identities, and revealing fissiparous desires that would later contribute to horrific violence in the province during its second and bloodier partition seventy years later in 1947. Undone just six years later, the political and psychological legacy of Bengal's first partition outlasted the redistricting itself.