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Democratic processes have been measured by election procedures, vote counting, and the peaceful transfer of power through voting. However, history has repeatedly taught us that democracy should not be based solely on the process but also on the protection of minorities, the upholding of constitutional values, and equal citizenship, regardless of one’s religious, ethnic, or linguistic affiliations. It is possible for nations to hold elections continually even as they move away from their true democratic pluralism, as long as victory in those elections takes precedence.

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Fall 2025: Issue 43