In recent years, Canadians have increasingly viewed India unfavorably, particularly under the leadership of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A recent survey by the Angus Reid Institute reveals a significant decline in Canada’s perception of India, with favorability dropping from 44% in March 2023 to a mere 33% in 2024. Such a stark decrease is alarming and reflects deeper issues within India’s domestic and international policies. What was once seen as a promising democracy with potential for strong bilateral ties has devolved into a troubling landscape marked by human rights abuses, the suppression of dissent, and the erosion of secular values. The BJP’s nationalist agenda, which often marginalizes religious and ethnic minorities, has drawn significant criticism from global observers, including those in Canada. Furthermore, the recent diplomatic crisis over the alleged involvement of Indian agents in the assassination of a Sikh activist on Canadian soil has only deepened the mistrust and disapproval. This shift in Canadian perception of India reflects growing concerns about the country’s direction under BJP rule and underscores the significant impact of domestic policies on international relations.
Canada and India have historically enjoyed a warm relationship, rooted in shared democratic principles and mutual economic interests. In the past, India was often seen by Canadians as a burgeoning ally, with numerous collaborations in technology, education, and trade. The diaspora communities in both nations further strengthened this bond, with cultural exchanges and familial ties creating a robust foundation for bilateral cooperation. However, the ascension of the BJP to power marked the beginning of a gradual shift. Early concerns about the BJP’s policies, particularly its focus on Hindu nationalism, foreshadowed the deeper issues that would later come to the fore, straining the once-positive bilateral ties. The initial optimism that greeted Modi’s rise to power has given way to disillusionment as his government’s actions have increasingly diverged from the values that underpinned the Canada-India relationship.
Under BJP rule, India has faced growing criticism for its human rights record. The government’s crackdown on dissent has manifested in numerous ways, from the arrest of journalists and activists to the suppression of protests through excessive force. The erosion of democratic norms, such as the undermining of judicial independence and the curtailing of free speech, has further tarnished India’s image. The controversial use of sedition laws to silence critics and the aggressive implementation of laws like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) have raised alarm bells among international human rights organizations. These actions not only betray the democratic values that once attracted global admiration but also signal a dangerous shift towards authoritarianism. The international community, including Canada, views these developments with increasing concern, leading to a decline in India’s favorability.
The BJP’s rise has been accompanied by a surge in Hindu nationalism, which has often translated into the marginalization and persecution of religious and ethnic minorities. Policies such as the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC) have been criticized for discriminating against Muslims, effectively rendering many stateless. The abrogation of Article 370, which stripped Jammu and Kashmir of its special status, has led to widespread unrest and allegations of human rights abuses in the region. The implementation of these policies has resulted in violent clashes, increased polarization, and a climate of fear among minorities. These actions have not only deepened domestic divisions but also drawn international condemnation, further harming India’s global standing. The global perception of India as a secular and inclusive democracy is being eroded, replaced by images of mob violence, police brutality, and state-sanctioned discrimination.
The alleged involvement of Indian agents in the assassination of a Sikh activist on Canadian soil has brought diplomatic tensions to a head. Canada’s response, which included expelling an Indian diplomat, underscores the severity of the incident. This crisis has had broader implications, strained diplomatic relations and cast a shadow over bilateral engagements. The incident has also resonated deeply within Canada’s Sikh community, exacerbating domestic tensions and impacting public opinion. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s public disclosure of the incident has further fueled distrust, with many Canadians questioning the safety and sovereignty of their nation in the face of such allegations. Although India has refuted the claims, the damage to its reputation is significant and long-lasting. The perception of India as a rogue state willing to engage in extrajudicial killings on foreign soil has severely tarnished its image.
The deteriorating perception of India among Canadians has significant economic and political ramifications. Trade relations, which once showed promise, have suffered as trust erodes. Major projects and collaborations are now viewed with skepticism, and potential investors are wary of the unstable diplomatic climate. Tourism and cultural exchanges, key components of the bilateral relationship, have also been affected. Canadian politicians, reflecting the concerns of their constituents, have increasingly voiced criticism of India’s policies. This shift in perspective is indicative of a broader reassessment of the relationship between the two countries. The once-strong partnership is now marred by suspicion and apprehension, with both sides reassessing their strategic priorities.
India’s actions under BJP rule have not only strained relations with Canada but have also attracted widespread international criticism. Human rights organizations have documented numerous abuses, and international bodies have expressed concern over the erosion of democratic norms. The cumulative effect of these criticisms has been a significant blow to India’s global reputation, undermining its aspirations to be seen as a leading democratic power. Reports of extrajudicial killings of over 20 Pakistanis since 2020 have further tainted India’s image, drawing parallels with other nations accused of undemocratic practices. The international community, including prominent Western democracies like the US, have started to question India’s commitment to democratic principles and human rights, leading to a reevaluation of diplomatic and strategic partnerships.
The BJP’s aggressive policies and actions abroad are counterproductive to India’s long-term strategic interests. The perception of India as a nation willing to engage in extrajudicial killings and foreign interference places it alongside countries with poor human rights records, such as North Korea and Israel. This negative image hampers India’s ability to build strong alliances and partnerships essential for its economic and strategic goals. Potential allies and partners are increasingly wary of associating with a nation perceived as disregarding international law and human rights. Domestically, the BJP’s approach risks internal backlash, as increased unrest among minority communities and southern Indian states further destabilizes the country. The very fabric of Indian democracy is at risk, as divisive policies undermine social cohesion and political stability.
The BJP’s Hindutva-driven policies and aggressive actions on foreign soil are not only damaging India’s image but also endangering international peace. Extrajudicial killings and interference in the democratic processes of other countries create a volatile environment that can lead to international conflicts and destabilize regions. India’s involvement in such activities violates the principles of international diplomacy and tarnishes its image as a democratic nation. These actions have led to strained relations not just with Canada, but also with other Western democracies, including the US. The potential for these actions to escalate into broader conflicts is a serious concern, highlighting the need for India to adopt a more diplomatic and less confrontational approach.
The BJP’s approach not only faces criticism abroad but also risks backlash within India. The targeting of dissidents and activists undermines the very democratic values that India seeks to uphold. It has led to increased domestic unrest and alienation among minority communities and southern Indian states, further destabilizing the country from within. The erosion of civil liberties and the rise in state-sponsored violence against critics have sparked widespread protests and opposition. The growing discontent among various sections of Indian society poses a significant threat to the country’s unity and stability, further complicating its international relations and economic aspirations.
The current Indian rogue policies are counterproductive as they damage India’s global standing, strain diplomatic ties in the region, and create internal instability. A shift towards more respectful and constructive engagement is crucial for India’s future on the international stage and for maintaining global peace. India must reconsider its policies to promote peace in the region, particularly by stopping actions that fuel unrest in Tibet. By adopting a more diplomatic and less confrontational approach, the party can help repair damaged relationships and restore India’s image. Essential steps in this direction include engaging in open dialogues, upholding human rights, and respecting the sovereignty of other nations. Rebuilding trust with the international community requires a commitment to democratic principles and a rejection of aggressive nationalism, ensuring that India can reclaim its position as a respected global leader.