The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi, recently visited Pakistan on February 12–13, 2025, and commended the country’s leadership in advancing nuclear energy and its commitment to empowering women in the nuclear sector. His praise for Pakistan’s nuclear energy program and gender inclusivity initiatives underscores the country’s growing influence as a responsible nuclear power. This article explores how Pakistan has positioned itself as a global leader in peaceful nuclear applications while promoting gender equity in science and technology.
Pakistan’s nuclear energy sector has undergone significant advancements, making it one of the most successful programs globally. As a founding member of the IAEA, Pakistan has consistently demonstrated its commitment to nuclear safety, security, and the peaceful use of nuclear technology. Despite not being a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Pakistan voluntarily adheres to IAEA safeguards and maintains robust regulatory frameworks under the Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA).
During his visit, Grossi lauded Pakistan’s steady progress in civilian nuclear energy and its effective collaboration with the IAEA. The expansion of Pakistan’s nuclear power generation, including the construction of the Chashma Power Plant Unit 5 (C-5), reflects the country’s long-term strategy for energy sustainability and climate change mitigation. Nuclear energy plays a pivotal role in Pakistan’s efforts to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and transition toward a cleaner energy mix.
Furthermore, Grossi inaugurated a radioactive waste incinerator at Chashma, reinforcing Pakistan’s commitment to nuclear safety and waste management. These advancements position Pakistan as a responsible nuclear state, contributing to global best practices in nuclear governance. Pakistan’s advancements in nuclear agriculture have also been instrumental in ensuring food security. The use of nuclear techniques in agriculture has led to the development of high-yield and disease-resistant crop varieties. These innovations contribute to national food sustainability and support global efforts in addressing climate-related agricultural challenges.
The nuclear sector has traditionally been a male-dominated field, but Pakistan is actively changing this narrative by promoting gender inclusivity in nuclear science and technology. The recent appreciation by Grossi of Pakistan’s efforts in empowering women within the nuclear sector is a significant milestone. His participation in an international conference organized by Women in Nuclear Pakistan (WiN-Pakistan) signifies the international community’s recognition of these efforts. Pakistan’s commitment to gender equity in nuclear science is evident through its initiatives aimed at increasing female participation. PAEC and PNRA have taken proactive measures to recruit and retain female professionals in nuclear research, regulatory affairs, and radiation sciences. By creating policies that facilitate gender inclusion, Pakistan is setting a precedent for other developing nations aiming to bridge the gender gap in STEM fields.
The increasing visibility of women in Pakistan’s nuclear sector has broader implications for global nuclear governance. Gender diversity in nuclear decision-making enhances policy inclusivity and fosters innovative problem-solving approaches. The IAEA’s focus on gender equity aligns with Pakistan’s efforts to mainstream women in nuclear science, further positioning the country as a progressive and responsible nuclear state. Moreover, Pakistan’s emphasis on gender inclusion in nuclear policy strengthens its diplomatic engagements with international organizations. Countries with robust gender equity frameworks in strategic sectors are more likely to attract international collaborations and research funding. Pakistan’s progress in this domain not only enhances its global image but also opens new avenues for technological partnerships.
Despite significant progress, challenges remain in achieving full gender parity in Pakistan’s nuclear sector. Cultural barriers, limited female representation in leadership roles, and workplace biases still exist. Addressing these challenges requires sustained policy efforts, including:
- Expanding mentorship programs for women in nuclear research.
- Increasing funding for female-led nuclear projects.
- Strengthening international collaborations to provide research and training opportunities for Pakistani women.
By addressing these structural barriers, Pakistan can further solidify its leadership in gender-inclusive nuclear governance.
The IAEA’s recognition of Pakistan’s commitment to nuclear energy and women’s empowerment underscores the country’s progressive stance in STEM inclusivity. By continuing to invest in nuclear safety, technological advancements, and gender equity initiatives, Pakistan can not only enhance its scientific and technological capabilities but also strengthen its position in global nuclear diplomacy. The deepening collaboration with the IAEA will not only enhance Pakistan’s nuclear capabilities but also contribute to technological and medical advancements, further boosting its global standing. The integration of women in nuclear science is not just a matter of social justice but a strategic imperative for sustainable development and innovation in the nuclear domain.