Cultural Discrimination and the Interpretation of Modernity in Urban India

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Even as India urbanises, caste discrimination remains rife

by Dr. Ahmed Raza

Introduction

Recently an incident in Bangalore highlighted ongoing tensions between traditional cultural expressions and modern urban norms. This case, involving the denial of entry to a man dressed in a dhoti and kurta at a prominent mall, has sparked widespread debate about cultural discrimination, the enforcement of dress codes, and the evolving interpretation of modernity in India’s urban centers. This seemingly simple denial of entry triggered a larger controversy, drawing attention to the cultural biases embedded within dress code policies of many urban establishments. Such incidence of denial of a person in particular place due to dress-codes in India has a number of list, though, the government at policies level could not take the issues. Hence, there may be more of such incidences if not addressed properly and strickly.

Notable Incidents of Denial of Entry Due to Dress in India

In 2015, a judge and two advocates were denied entry to the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association Club for wearing dhotis. The incident led to significant backlash, with political leaders condemning the act. The Tamil Nadu government passed a bill banning dress code discrimination in clubs, ensuring people wearing traditional attire could not be denied entry. In 2013, a Sikh man was denied entry to a five-star hotel in Delhi because he refused to remove his turban, which was against the hotel’s dress code policy. The incident sparked outrage among the Sikh community and led to discussions about religious discrimination and the need for cultural sensitivity in dress code policies. In 2018, a Muslim woman wearing a hijab was denied entry to a popular restaurant in Bangalore. The incident led to protests and calls for greater respect for religious attire. It highlighted the need for public establishments to be more inclusive and respectful of religious dress. In 2019, a woman was denied entry to a high-end nightclub in Kolkata because she was wearing a sari. The incident drew widespread criticism, with many arguing that traditional Indian attire should be celebrated, not discriminated against. The nightclub later issued an apology, but the incident raised questions about cultural biases in urban India. in 2016, men wearing lungis were denied entry to a popular bar in Kochi. The incident sparked a debate about class and cultural discrimination, with many pointing out that the lungi is a common and respected form of dress in Kerala. The bar faced backlash and was criticized for its discriminatory policy.In 2021, a man wearing a kurta was denied entry to a high-end restaurant in Mumbai, as the establishment had a policy against traditional Indian attire. The incident led to a public outcry and discussions about the colonial mindset that often underpins dress code policies in upscale establishments. The restaurant later revised its dress code policy.

These incidents highlight the ongoing cultural discrimination in public spaces based on attire in India. Each case has sparked public debate and, in some instances, led to changes in policies to promote inclusivity and respect for traditional and religious dress. They underscore the need for greater cultural sensitivity and inclusiveness in public spaces, ensuring that traditional attire is respected and accepted.

Cultural Discrimination and Dress Codes

Dress codes in public and private spaces are often instituted to maintain a certain decorum and uniformity. However, these codes can unintentionally—or intentionally—discriminate against traditional attire. In Mr. Kumar’s case, the dhoti and kurta, traditional Indian garments, were deemed inappropriate, reflecting a bias that equates modernity with Western-style clothing. This incident highlights a form of cultural discrimination where traditional Indian attire is marginalized in favor of Western fashion, considered more “appropriate” for urban settings. Legal experts argue that while establishments have the right to enforce dress codes, these policies must not infringe upon individual rights or perpetuate cultural biases. The Constitution of India upholds the right to cultural expression, and any policy that discriminates against traditional attire could be seen as a violation of this fundamental right.

The Interpretation of Modernity in Urban India

Modernity in India is often perceived through a Western lens, especially in urban areas. This perspective is evident in the preferences for Western dress codes, which are seen as symbols of sophistication and progress. However, this narrow interpretation of modernity excludes traditional cultural expressions, creating a dichotomy where Western styles are modern and traditional attire is outdated. The Bangalore incident underscores the need to re-evaluate what modernity means in the Indian context. Modernity should be inclusive, embracing both global influences and local traditions. In a culturally diverse country like India, modernity must be a blend of the old and the new, where traditional attire like the dhoti and kurta are respected and accepted in urban settings.

Public Reaction and Societal Implications

The public response to the incident was swift and vocal. Social media platforms were flooded with criticism against the mall’s dress code policy, with hashtags like #DhotiNotAllowed and #RespectTraditionalWear gaining traction. Many saw the incident as a direct attack on India’s cultural heritage and a reflection of deeper societal biases. Cultural commentators and social scientists argue that such incidents are symptomatic of a broader societal issue. In urban India, traditional attire is often seen as incongruent with the modern lifestyle, leading to its marginalization. This mindset not only alienates a significant portion of the population but also erodes the cultural fabric of the country.

Moving Forward: Embracing Cultural Diversity

To address these issues, it is crucial to foster an inclusive understanding of modernity that values and respects cultural diversity. Policies and practices in public spaces, including dress codes, should be re-examined to ensure they do not discriminate against traditional attire. Public awareness campaigns can play a significant role in changing perceptions, educating people about the importance of cultural attire in maintaining India’s rich heritage. Furthermore, legal frameworks must be strengthened to protect cultural expressions. Establishments should be encouraged to adopt policies that are inclusive and reflective of India’s diverse cultural landscape.

Conclusion

The Bangalore incident serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle to balance modernity with tradition in urban India. It calls for a broader and more inclusive interpretation of what it means to be modern, one that does not come at the expense of cultural heritage. As India continues to develop and modernize, it must do so in a way that honors and integrates its rich cultural diversity, ensuring that traditional attire like the dhoti and kurta have a respected place in urban spaces

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