by Prathamesh Mendki 3 April 2024
The Himalayan frontier between India and China has long been a simmering source of tension. A key point of contention is Arunachal Pradesh, a northeastern Indian state claimed by China as part of “South Tibet” or Zangnan. This territorial dispute exposes China’s hypocrisy on the global stage, and India’s growing geopolitical prowess is now actively countering this narrative.
China’s Historical Claims and Inconsistencies
China’s claim on Arunachal Pradesh rests on shaky historical ground. It primarily hinges on the inheritance of Qing dynasty territories, but historical records reveal ambiguities. The McMahon Line, established in 1914 through a treaty between British India and Tibet, defines the current border. However, China, not being a party to the agreement, refuses to recognize it.
The inconsistency in China’s territorial claims further exposes the hypocrisy. China vehemently defends its borders, even those established through unequal treaties. Yet, it conveniently disregards the McMahon Line, a formal agreement, when it suits its expansionist agenda.
Hypocrisy on Display: The “One China” Policy and Arunachal Pradesh
China’s core foreign policy principle is the “One China” policy, demanding international recognition of Taiwan as part of China. This policy hinges on the concept of historical sovereignty. However, by claiming Arunachal Pradesh, China contradicts its stance. If historical claims are the sole criterion, then Taiwan, with its independent government and distinct cultural identity, has a stronger case for self-determination than Arunachal Pradesh, which has been an integral part of India for over seven decades.
India’s Geopolitical Response: Exposing the Hypocrisy
India has been actively countering China’s narrative on Arunachal Pradesh. Here are some key strategies:
- Asserting Sovereignty: India consistently maintains that Arunachal Pradesh is an inseparable part of its territory. High-level visits by Indian leaders to the state underscore this message.
- Multilateral Diplomacy: India leverages international forums to expose China’s inconsistencies. By highlighting the “One China” policy and the McMahon Line, India demonstrates the hypocrisy of China’s claim.
- Building Strategic Partnerships: India has forged closer relationships with countries like the United States, Japan, and Australia, forming a strategic alliance to counter China’s growing assertiveness in the region. This partnership strengthens India’s position and gives it a louder voice on the global stage.
- Infrastructure Development: Recognizing the strategic importance of Arunachal Pradesh, India has invested heavily in infrastructure development projects. This strengthens India’s administrative control and economic integration of the region.
Challenges and the Road Ahead
Despite India’s growing prowess, resolving the Arunachal Pradesh dispute remains a complex challenge. China’s economic and military might pose a significant threat. Additionally, navigating the delicate balance between asserting claims and maintaining dialogue is crucial.
India’s approach needs to be multi-pronged:
- Maintaining Military Deterrence: A strong military presence along the border is essential to deter any aggressive Chinese actions. Modernization and strategic partnerships can bolster India’s defence capabilities.
- Economic Development: Uplifting the socio-economic conditions of Arunachal Pradesh will further integrate the region with India and garner local support for the government’s position.
- Peaceful Resolution Through Dialogue: Despite the tensions, diplomatic channels of communication must remain open. India must engage with China to find a peaceful resolution through dialogue and mutual respect for historical agreements.
Conclusion: A Test of Geopolitical Will
The Arunachal Pradesh dispute is a microcosm of a larger geopolitical struggle. China’s claim exposes its duplicity, and India’s response showcases its growing confidence on the world stage. Resolving this issue will require a sustained effort from India, combining strategic partnerships, economic development, and unwavering commitment to its territorial integrity. The outcome will be a test of India’s geopolitical will and its ability to counter China’s narrative effectively.
