Introduction
The relationship between Nepal and Bangladesh is rooted in a shared history and cultural ties. Nepal was one of the earliest countries (7th) to recognize the independence of Bangladesh in 1972 by establishing diplomatic relations, and since then, the two nations have maintained a strong bond of mutual respect and friendship. The relationship between the two countries is as organic as the link between the majestic Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal. This historical and cultural connection serves as a foundation for the growing economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
The friendship between these countries is a remarkable example of how two countries with diverse landscapes and cultures can build strong and meaningful connections. This unique relationship, grounded in shared values and aspirations, transcends geographical boundaries and holds the potential for regional cooperation.
Despite their geographical disparities, Nepal, nestled in the Himalayan range, and Bangladesh, a land of lush deltas and coastal regions, have nurtured a friendship that goes beyond mere diplomacy.
Historical and Cultural Ties
The historical and cultural ties between Nepal and Bangladesh date back centuries. Hinduism and Buddhism has influenced both countries, and their languages and cultures have many similarities. For example, the Nepali language is closely related to Bengali, and both countries share a rich tradition of folk music and dance.
One historical aspect that binds Nepal and Bangladesh is their shared history under British colonial rule. Both nations were part of British India, and their struggles for independence were intertwined. This common history creates a sense of solidarity and shared experiences that continue to strengthen their friendship.
The two countries also have a long history of trade and commerce. In the past, merchants from Nepal would travel to Bangladesh to trade goods such as salt, rice, and spices. Today, the two countries continue to trade with each other, and there is a growing interest in promoting tourism and cultural exchanges.
Economic Cooperation
Economic cooperation between Nepal and Bangladesh has led to transformative projects, symbolizing their commitment to regional development and interdependence. The Upper Karnali Hydropower Project, in Nepal, which is expected to be operational in 2024, exemplifies this synergy. This project is expected to supply 500W electricity to Bangladesh promoting regional connectivity and sustainable development. Likewise, the Arun III hydropower project (which is also expected to be commissioned in 2024) another ambitious initiative in Nepal, contributes to the shared vision of economic growth and cooperation between the two nations.
Trade has also been a crucial focus of economic cooperation. Nepal, as a landlocked nation, seeks access to the sea through Bangladesh’s ports, offering a gateway to international markets.
Conversely, Bangladesh aims to tap into Nepal’s market, creating a mutually beneficial trade relationship. Additionally, the utilization of Nepal’s skilled labor force in various sectors benefits both countries, fostering economic growth and human capital development.
Moreover, collaborative ventures extend to investments and infrastructural development. Joint projects involving roadways, railways, and telecommunications have been initiated, facilitating connectivity within the region. These initiatives not only address infrastructural gaps but also promote economic integration in South Asia, benefiting both Nepal and Bangladesh and, by extension, the broader South Asian community.
Cultural Exchanges
Besides economic cooperation, cultural and people-to-people ties between Nepal and Bangladesh are also essential to strengthen the friendship between the two countries. The need is to connect peoples, societies, and cultures, building linkages between the Himalayas and the Bay of Bengal, between hills and plains.
By promoting cultural exchange Nepal and Bangladesh can create a deeper understanding and appreciation of each other’s unique heritage and traditions, further strengthening the bond between the nations. Despite their geographical separation, Nepal and Bangladesh share a multitude of cultural similarities and connections, from music and art to cuisine.
The exchange of music between Nepal and Bangladesh has been particularly noteworthy. The melodies of the Himalayan hills harmonize with the soulful tunes of Bengal, creating a unique blend of musical heritage. This cross-cultural musical connection not only enhances the cultural tapestry of both countries but also serves as a bridge that unites people together.
Similarly, the world of art has witnessed a productive exchange between Nepal and Bangladesh. Artists from both nations have found inspiration in each other’s cultures, resulting in a fusion of artistic styles and themes.
Culinary exchanges have also been a fascinating aspect of the Nepal-Bangladesh friendship. The fusion of Nepali and Bengali cuisine has given rise to delectable gastronomic experiences. Beyond satisfying palates, these culinary exchanges have fostered a deeper sense of cultural understanding and appreciation.
The exchange of ideas and experiences has woven a fabric of mutual understanding that transcends borders, nurturing a sense of unity and shared heritage.
Regional Cooperation
The Nepal-Bangladesh friendship transcends bilateral relations to encompass regional cooperation, contributing to the broader unity of South Asia and the Bay of Bengal region. Both nations actively participate in regional organizations, such as SAARC and BIMSTEC, to address common challenges and promote cooperation.
SAARC, a regional organization comprising South Asian countries, provides a platform for Nepal and Bangladesh to collaborate with neighboring nations. The strength of their friendship enhances the overall harmony within the organization, fostering peace and cooperation in South Asia.
BIMSTEC, another regional initiative, focuses on promoting connectivity and economic integration around the Bay of Bengal. Nepal and Bangladesh, as members of BIMSTEC, play integral roles in connecting the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. Their collaborative efforts exemplify a shared commitment to regional development and cooperation in the Bay of Bengal community.
Developments in Nepal-Bangladesh Relations
In recent years, Nepal-Bangladesh relations have strengthened significantly. The two countries have signed several agreements on trade, investment, transit, and energy cooperation.
On April 2, 1976, Nepal and Bangladesh signed a trade and payments agreement and transit agreement. Since September 1997, Nepal may use the port facilities at Bangladesh’s Mongla Port. Currently, Nepal has access to both Chittagong and Mongla sea ports and four land port stations. These facilities make it easier for Nepal to trade with Bangladesh and other countries.
On August 10, 2018, Nepal and Bangladesh signed a MoU on energy cooperation. The MoU provides for the joint development of hydropower projects, the exchange of electricity, and the construction of transmission lines between the two countries.
During the State Visit of the Rt. Hon. President of Nepal, Mrs. Bidya Devi Bhandari, to Bangladesh on March 22-23, 2021, Nepal and Bangladesh inked a MoU on Tourism Cooperation. This MoU has a clear objective: to enhance collaboration between the two nations in promoting tourism.
On the same date the countries exchanged letters to designate the Rohanpur-Singhabad railway route as an additional transit route. This route is now open for traffic-in-transit movement between Nepal and Bangladesh,
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite the close friendship between Nepal and Bangladesh, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. One challenge is the lack of direct road and rail connectivity between the two countries. This makes it difficult and expensive to transport goods between the two countries.
Another challenge is the trade imbalance between the two countries. Nepal imports more goods from Bangladesh than it exports. This is because Bangladesh has a more developed economy than Nepal.
Despite these challenges, there are several opportunities for Nepal and Bangladesh to strengthen their friendship and cooperation. One opportunity is to increase trade and investment between the two countries. Nepal can export its hydropower and agricultural products to Bangladesh, while Bangladesh can export its garments and pharmaceuticals to Nepal.
Another opportunity is to improve regional connectivity between the two countries. This could be done by building new roads and railways between the two countries. It could also be done by improving the existing roads and railways.
In addition to trade and connectivity, Nepal and Bangladesh can also cooperate in other areas such as education, culture, and tourism. The two countries have a lot to learn from each other in these areas. For example, Nepal can learn from Bangladesh’s experience in developing its garment industry and its success in reducing poverty. Bangladesh can learn from Nepal’s experience in developing its tourism industry and its commitment to environmental protection.
Nepal and Bangladesh can also cooperate in the field of education. The two countries can exchange students and teachers, and they can develop joint educational programs. This will help to promote understanding and cooperation between the two peoples.
Conclusion
The friendship between Nepal and Bangladesh is a valuable asset for both countries. It has helped to promote trade and investment, improve regional connectivity, and enhance security cooperation. The two countries should continue to work together to strengthen their friendship and cooperation mutually to benefit their peoples.
The Nepal-Bangladesh friendship continues to grow, creating a brighter future for both nations and the entire South Asian and Bay of Bengal regions. As Nepal and Bangladesh work together, they inspire a spirit of camaraderie that shows the transformative power of friendship in building a more interconnected and prosperous world. Long live Nepal-Bangladesh friendship!